基于GIS的水质监测信息管理系统设计与开发

该文分析了京杭运河（徐州段）的水质监测信息管理手段的不足,提出建立基于GIS的水质监测信息管理系统的必要性。着重从系统开发平台的选择,数据库建设,功能开发等几个方面介绍了京杭运河（徐州段）的水质监测信息管理系统的设计与开发。系统采用ArcSDE空间数据库引擎和SQL Server关系数据库统一管理空间和属性数据,利用ArcObjects组件进行二次开发,实现了京杭运河（徐州段）的水质监测信息管理系统的建立。     

Where are the Sunday babies? II. Declining weekend birth rates in Switzerland

Birth dates from almost 3 million babies born between 1969 and 2005 in Switzerland were analyzed for the weekday of birth. As in other countries but with unprecedented amplitude, a very marked non-random distribution was discovered with decreasing numbers of births on weekends, reaching -17.9% in 2005. While most of this weekend births avoidance rate is due to fewer births on Sundays (up to -21.7%), the downward trend is primarily a consequence of decreasing births on Saturdays (up to -14.5%). For 2005, these percentages mean that 3,728 fewer babies are born during weekends than could be expected from equal distribution. Most interestingly and surprisingly, weekend birth-avoiding rates are significantly correlated with birth numbers (r = 0.86), i.e. the lower the birth number per year, the lower the number of weekend births. The increasing avoidance of births during weekends is discussed as being a consequence of increasing numbers of caesarean sections and elective labor induction, which in Switzerland reach 29.2 and 20.5%, respectively, in 2004. This hypothesis is supported by the observation that both primary and secondary caesarean sections are significantly correlated with weekend birth avoidance rates. It is therefore likely that financial aspects of hospitals are a factor determining the avoidance of weekend births by increasing the numbers of caesarean sections.     

海城市污水排放对太子河水质的影响分析

海城河、五道河是海城市2条纳污河流,也是入太子河小姐庙断面上游的最后2条支流,小姐庙断面是太子河流域最下游的国控断面,也是该流域鞍山境内河流水质的重点考核断面,而海城河、五道河水质好坏将直接影响到小姐庙断面的水质;根据几年来掌握的监测数据,对海城河、五道河水中的COD浓度现状、纳污量及太子河对小姐庙断面水中COD浓度的贡献率进行了分析,并提出了污染控制对策。     

江苏沛沿河国控断面水质稳定达标对策研究

江苏省沛县沛沿河是南水北调东线工程重要河流之一,沛沿河国控断面是国家考核江苏省的重要水质断面之一。沛沿河水环境质量直接影响南水北调工程水质安全。文章分析了沛沿河水质不能稳定达标的主要原因,并提出了相应的对策。     

Chlorobenzenes in waterweeds from the Xijiang River （Guangdong section） of the Pearl River

The Xijiang River is the major source of water for about 4.5 millions of urban population and 28.7 millions of rural population. The water quality is very important for the health of the rural population. The concentration and distribution of chlorobenzenes (CBs) in both water and waterweeds collected from 4 stations in the Xijiang River (Gangdong section) of the Pearl River in April and November were determined. The result showed that nearly every congener of CBs was detected. The total contents of CBs (∑CBs) in the river water ranged from 111.1 to 360.0 ng/L in April and from 151.9 to 481.7 ng/L in November, respectively. The pollution level of CBs in the water in April was higher than that in November. The contents of ∑ CBs in waterweeds ranged from 13.53×102 μg/g to 38.27×102μg/g dry weight (dw). There was no significant difference between April and November in waterweeds. The distribution of CBs in roots, caulis, and leaves of Vallisneria spiralis L. showed different patterns. The leaves mainly contained low-molecular-weight CBs(DCBs), whereas the roots accumulated more PCBs and HCBs. The average lgBCFlip (bioconcentration factor) of CBs ranged from 0.64 to 3.57 in the waterweeds. The spatial distribution character of CBs in the Xijiang River was: Fengkai County ＜ Yunan County ＜Yun'an County ＜ Gaoyao County according to the ∑CBs, and the pollution deteriorated from the upstream to the downstream of the Xijiang River. Further analysis demonstrated that the discharge of waste containing CBs may be the main source of CBs pollution in the Xijiang River.     

湘江株潭长段江水(枯水期）和沉积物中汞的分布和形态

湘江株潭长段江水中(枯水期)的总汞含量为(1.881 ±1.854)μg·L-1,以颗粒态汞为主.总汞和溶解态汞最大值都出现在霞湾,霞湾-湘潭段衰减快,此后缓慢衰减一直到洞庭湖.沉积物中总汞平均含量为0.846 mg·kg-1,处于高的污染水平,沉积物总汞的最大值也出现在霞湾,达到3.268 mg·kg-1.远远超过国...     

QUAL2E模型在长江重庆段水质模拟中的应用研究

QUAL2E模型是美国国家环境保护局(USEPA)推出的一个河流综合水质模型。三峡成库后,由于河道的水文特性将发生重大变化,长江重庆主城区段水环境也将发生变化。但成库后长江重庆主城区段水文特征与目前平水期相当。因此,以长江重庆主城区段平水期水质为原型,应用QUAL2E模型对成库后的水质进行了模拟和预测。选用水温、溶解氧、叶绿素a作为模拟预测指标,并对模拟结果进行了验证,结果表明预测值与实测值的相关性较好。为QUAL2E模型在长江的多参数水质模拟上进行了探索,可供参考。     

1975年以来黑河中游地区土地利用／覆被变化时空演变

以西北干旱区重要的内陆河——黑河中游地区为研究区域,采用1975、1987、1992、2001和2010年遥感影像为基础数据,选取土地利用变化幅度、动态度和土地利用强度指数3个指标,并结合转移矩阵,采用相关性分析和主成分分析方法,对该地区近35a来的土地利用／覆被变化及其驱动力进行综合分析。结果表明,1975--2010年,研究区耕地和城乡居民工矿用地所占比例持续上升,分别由14．14％和1．52％增加到19．74％和1．98％;草地和水域面积则分别减少3．87×10^4和0．41×10^4hm2。各土地利用类型中以耕地的土地利用变化强度指数最高,达0．1604％,草地次之。研究区土地利用类型间主要转移方向为：草地转化为耕地和未利用地,未利用地转化为耕地和草地,林地与草地问相互转化。导致黑河中游地区土地利用发生上述变化的主要驱动力为社会经济因素。     

广州市流溪河流域白云区段生态系统服务价值的估算与分析

在分析流溪河流域白云区段生态系统的景观变化和生态环境现状的基础上,依据流溪河流域白云区段的土地详查数据(1993年)及其土地利用变更调查数据(2001年末),引用Constanza等对全球生态系统服务单位公顷价值的平均估算结果,对流溪河流域白云区段生态系统服务价值进行评估。评估结果表明:2001年流溪河流域白云区段生态系统服务的总价值为85190050.43美元,折合人民币70700.75万元,相当于该区域同期GDP的6.22%。由于存在影响核算结果准确性的一些因素,因此,该结果是粗略与保守的估算。     

大断面巷道中空预应力注浆锚杆的支护效果研究

针对金川矿区大断面巷道在强构造应力作用下围岩变形严重的情况,提出了中空预应力注浆锚杆的支护工艺。通过数值计算得出以下结论:相比传统的普通砂浆锚杆支护工艺,采用中空预应力注浆锚杆支护工艺能够主动加固围岩,提高支护刚度;巷道两帮的变形减小了约14.56%,最大、最小主应力分别降低了4.4%和7.2%,粘结层破坏范围也随之减小。通过对支护后巷道变形监测发现:两帮最终变形量减小了约36.6%;通过抗拔实验,中空预应力注浆锚杆的抗拔力达到140kN,远大于普通砂浆锚杆的40kN抗拔力,中空预应力注浆锚杆有更好的支护效果。